Ricerca Utilizzo di Internet: Conclusioni

Limiti

Nonostante il seguente lavoro di ricerca sia piuttosto eterogeneo considerato che tratta aspetti diversificati dell’utilizzo di Internet, dall’ambivalenza uso funzionale-disfunzionale, passando per i fattori personali che mediano l’approccio con gli strumenti della Rete per concludere con la definizione della differenza tra uno problematico e dipendenza presenta lo stesso dei limiti. Il più evidente è senza dubbio l’impossibilità di analizzare la dipendenza da Internet nel campione di ricerca in conseguenza della mancanza di una scala ad hoc nello strumento di misura. Gli item del questionario, secondo la scala di misura di Caplan (2010), sono costruiti per rivelare l’uso problematico e nel software SPSS con cui si sono svolte le analisi statistiche è assente la variabile “Dipendenza da Internet”. Parallelamente a ciò è assente anche una scala di misura ad hoc per valutare il capitale sociale, uno dei costrutti più interessanti dell’intero studio. Abbiamo ovviato analizzando la variabile supporto sociale online, considerato che il capitale sociale permette di ricevere sostegno sociale sia riguardo alla raccolta di informazione che alla percezione di supporto emotivo. Un ultimo limite può essere quello di non aver valutato statisticamente quanto e in che modo l’utilizzo di Internet condiziona la performance lavorativa o didattica fornendo magari anche dati quantitativi in merito. Questo sarebbe stato un aspetto concreto molto interessante da valutare considerata l’importanza che ricoprono il percorso universitario e quello lavorativo durante l’emerging adulthood.

 

Conclusioni

Lo studio di ricerca si è focalizzato su una precisa fascia d’età, l’emerging adulthood in cui gli individui devono affrontare continue sfide di sviluppo per giungere alla costruzione di una nuova identità. In questo senso Internet può costituire un utile organo funzionale o essere sfruttato in maniera disfunzionale conducendo l’utente verso un PIU o in casi estremi ad una vera e propria dipendenza da Internet. La ricerca ha individuato alcuni fattori che mediano l’utilizzo di Internet da parte degli emerging adults. La disposizione delle ipotesi ha seguito un ordine logico per delineare gradualmente il processo che porta le persone a fare un uso problematico della Rete. I risultati dimostrano che un basso supporto sociale sperimentato nella vita offline porta gli individui a cercare di colmare questa mancanza attraverso il supporto sociale online. Questo aspetto produce benessere per l’utente il quale però deve fare attenzione ai rischi che comporta. E’ stato, infatti, dimostrato che il supporto sociale online predice positivamente lo sviluppo di PIU. Parallelamente la ricerca conferma la correlazione dell’uso problematico di Internet con altri due fattori, quali il preferire interazioni online piuttosto che quelle faccia a faccia e la mindfulness. L’individuo ricevendo online il supporto sociale di cui ha bisogno attraverso i SNS, Facebook nello specifico, può aumentare progressivamente l’utilizzo di Internet arrivando al punto di preferire gli scambi conversazionali online. Questo avviene quando il l’utente è in possesso di un basso livello di mindfulness, in base al quale non riesce a regolare adeguatamente il proprio comportamento online sviluppando un uso problematico di Internet. Allo stesso tempo è stata rilevata una correlazione positiva tra frequente utilizzo di Facebook e bassa autostima. Gli individui cercano di compensare online una povera immagine sciale offline. Il disegno di ricerca non si è focalizzato interamente sulla sfera negativa dell’Utilizzo di Internet ma si è cercato di dimostrare che l’utilizzo dei SNS, Facebook nello specifico, predice direttamente lo sviluppo del capitale sociale e i risultati hanno confermato l’ipotesi. In questo senso l’individuo attraverso le piattaforme di Social Networking riesce sia a raccogliere informazioni importanti per risolvere situazioni critiche che a ricevere supporto emotivo. Vieni, quindi, posta attenzione all’ambivalenza degli strumenti della Rete che se utilizzati in modo funzionale possono offrire risorse importanti per aiutare gli emerging adults nel loro percorso di ricerca di identità. Questo studio deve fornire uno stimolo a riporre sempre maggiore attenzione ad una fascia d’età che presenta grandi difficoltà al suo interno. Secondariamente riguardo alla parte disfunzionale dell’utilizzo di Internet bisognerà costruire una scala ad hoc e validata in diversi paesi per valutare la dipendenza da Internet e i suoi effetti sulla vita delle persone sempre ben consapevoli della differenza rispetto all’uso problematico (PIU).

         

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© Emerging adults ed utilizzo di Internet: organo funzionale o strumentalità inversa? – Andrea Pivetti

 

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